Web3 protocol Blast network has gained over $400 million in whole worth locked (TVL) within the 4 days because it was launched, in line with information from blockchain analytics platform DeBank. However in a Nov. 23 social media thread, Polygon Labs developer relations engineer Jarrod Watts claimed that the brand new network poses vital safety dangers as a consequence of centralization.
The Blast workforce responded to the criticism from its personal X (previously Twitter) account, however with out straight referring to Watts’ thread. In its personal thread, Blast claimed that the network is as decentralized as different layer 2s, together with Optimism, Arbitrum and Polygon.
On multisig safety.
Learn this thread to know the safety mannequin of Blast together with different L2s like Arbitrum, Optimism, and Polygon.
— Blast (@Blast_L2) November 24, 2023
Blast network claims to be “the one Ethereum L2 with native yield for ETH and stablecoins,” in line with advertising materials from its official web site. The web site additionally states that Blast permits a consumer’s stability to be “auto-compounded” and that stablecoins despatched to it are transformed into “USDB,” a stablecoin that auto-compounds by way of MakerDAO’s T-Invoice protocol. The Blast workforce has not launched technical paperwork explaining how the protocol works, however it says they are going to be revealed when the airdrop happens in January.
Watts’ authentic put up mentioned Blast could also be much less safe or decentralized than customers understand, claiming that Blast “is only a 3/5 multisig.” If an attacker will get management of three out of 5 workforce members’ keys, they’ll steal all the crypto deposited into its contracts, he alleged.
“Blast is only a 3/5 multisig…”
I spent the previous few days diving into the supply code to see if this assertion is definitely true.
This is all the things I realized:
— Jarrod Watts (@jarrodWattsDev) November 23, 2023
Based on Watts, the Blast contracts may be upgraded through a Protected (previously Gnosis Protected) multisignature pockets account. The account requires three out of 5 signatures to authorize any transaction. But when the personal keys that produce these signatures change into compromised, the contracts may be upgraded to provide any code the attacker needs. This implies an attacker who pulls this off may switch your entire $400 million TVL to their very own account.
As well as, Watts claimed that Blast “will not be a layer 2,” regardless of its growth workforce claiming so. As an alternative, he mentioned Blast merely “accepts funds from customers” and “stakes customers’ funds into protocols like LIDO” with no precise bridge or testnet getting used to carry out these transactions. Moreover, it has no withdrawal perform. To have the ability to withdraw sooner or later, customers should belief that the builders will implement the withdrawal perform sooner or later sooner or later, Watts claimed.
Moreover, Watts claimed that Blast incorporates an “enableTransition” perform that can be utilized to set any sensible contract because the “mainnetBridge,” which suggests that an attacker may steal everything of customers’ funds with no need to improve the contract.
Regardless of these assault vectors, Watts claimed he didn’t imagine Blast would lose its funds. “Personally, if I needed to guess, I don’t suppose the funds can be stolen,” he acknowledged. However he additionally warned that “I personally suppose it’s dangerous to ship Blast funds in its present state.”
In a thread from its personal X account, the Blast workforce stated that its protocol is simply as secure as different layer-2s. “Safety exists on a spectrum (nothing is 100% safe),” the workforce claimed, “and it’s nuanced with many dimensions.” It could appear that a non-upgradeable contract is safer than an upgradeable one, however this view may be mistaken. If a contract is non-upgradeable however incorporates bugs, “you’re useless within the water,” the thread acknowledged.
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The Blast workforce claims the protocol makes use of upgradeable contracts for this very cause. Nonetheless, the keys for the Protected account are “in chilly storage, managed by an impartial occasion, and geographically separated.” Within the workforce’s view, it is a “extremely efficient” technique of safeguarding consumer funds, which is “why L2s like Arbitrum, Optimism [and] Polygon” additionally use this technique.
Blast will not be the one protocol that has been criticized for having upgradeable contracts. In January, Summa founder James Prestwich argued that the Stargate bridge had the same problem. In December 2022, the Ankr protocol was exploited when its sensible contract was upgraded to permit 20 trillion Ankr Reward Bearing Staked BNB (aBNBc) to be created out of thin air. Within the case of Ankr, the improve was carried out by a former worker who hacked into the developer’s database to acquire its deployer key.
