“Whereas L2s are purported to service the bottom layer, their proliferation could compete with the bottom layer for sources similar to charges, builders, and liquidity,” stated Rines. “If the majority of transactions happen on L2s, the financial incentives upholding the L1 could also be diluted as validators’ charges evaporate. Moreover, reliance on L2s might additionally fracture exercise, weakening the cohesion and interoperability of the Ethereum ecosystem.”